Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Grandnephews Amillennial

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RickC
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Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Grandnephews Amillennial

Post by RickC » Tue Sep 16, 2008 1:38 pm

Hegesippus (c.110-c.180), Early Church historian, theologian, and heresiologist, was a Jewish convert to Christianity. He was well-versed in biblical languages, and Jewish culture and life. He wrote five books of Commentaries on Acts which are lost. However, a few fragments are quoted in Eusebius' Ecclesiatical {Church} History. The following has been dated to c. 95AD and relates to the reign of the Roman Emperor, Domitian (81-96):

Eusebius, quoting Hegesippus, wrote {underline for emphasis}:

"There still survived of the kindred of the Lord the grandsons of Judas {"Jude" in our Bibles}, who according to the flesh was called his brother. These were informed against, as belonging to the family of David, and Evocatus brought them before Domitian Caesar: for that emperor dreaded the advent of Christ, as Herod had done. So he asked them whether they were of the family of David; and they confessed they were. Next he asked them what property they had, or how much money they possessed. They both replied that they had only 9000 denaria between them, each of them owning half that sum; but even this they said they did not possess in cash, but as the estimated value of some land, consisting of thirty-nine plethra only, out of which they had to pay the dues, and that they supported themselves by their own labour. And then they began to hold out their hands, exhibiting, as proof of their manual labour, the roughness of their skin, and the corns raised on their hands by constant work. Being then asked concerning Christ and His kingdom, what was its nature, and when and where it was to appear, they returned answer that it was not of this world, nor of the earth, but belonging to the sphere of heaven and angels, and would make its appearance at the end of time, when He shall come in glory, and judge living and dead, and render to every one according to the course of his life. Thereupon Domitian passed no condemnation upon them, but treated them with contempt, as too mean for notice, and let them go free. At the same time he issued a command, and put a stop to the persecution against the Church. When they were released they became leaders of the churches, as was natural in the case of those who were at once martyrs and of the kindred of the Lord. And, after the establishment of peace to the Church, their lives were prolonged to the reign of Trajan."
– Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 3.20


I read this several years ago, found it interesting, & just thought to share it, Thanks, :)
Last edited by RickC on Wed Oct 08, 2008 3:07 am, edited 4 times in total.

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Re: Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Great-Nephews Amillennial

Post by Paidion » Tue Sep 16, 2008 2:12 pm

Rick, the translation "the end of time" would suggest amillenialism, all right. The only problem is, that such translation is an interpretation, not a translation. See the translation in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers.

What Eusebius actually wrote was "the end of the age", and thus the passage is quite consistent with historic premillenialism, the prevailing view of the church of the second century ---- "the end of the age" being the end of the church age when the fully-realized kingdom is to appear.

It was not an "earthly kingdom", but a heavenly one. That's what Jesus Himself said about the Kingdom in the days in which He lived (that's why He would not command His servants to fight and defend Him). Yet, even though Christ said His Kingdom was "not of this world", nevertheless right in the days of Jesus, it was in the world in its early stage. It is not necessary that that which is not worldly must exist outside the world.

He told the Pharisees that the Kingdom was among them (He and His disciples). The Kingdom had already come in its nascent stage, but Christ's Kingdom parables speak of a growth, and a fully-formed Kingdom to come. (When all of the dough will be leavened; when the grain of mustard seed becomes a huge tree, etc.)

Of course, a full preterist would think of "the end of the age" as being the end of the "Jewish era", and Christ's coming being His coming to destroy the old Jewish system in 70 A.D.
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Re: Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Great-Nephews Amillennial

Post by RickC » Wed Sep 17, 2008 12:44 pm

Hello Don, I have some other translations to post.

CCEL has: 3.20.6
And when they were asked concerning Christ and his kingdom, of what sort it was and where and when it was to appear, they answered that it was not a temporal nor an earthly kingdom, but a heavenly and angelic one, which would appear at the end of the world, when he should come in glory to judge the quick and the dead, and to give unto every one according to his works.

From Paul Meier's translation {1999, it's on Google Books}:
Still surviving of the Lord's family were the grandsons of Jude, who was said to be his brother according to the flesh, and they were informed on as being descendents of David. The Evocatus brought them before Domitian Caesar, who, like Herod, was afraid of the coming of Christ. Domitian asked them if they were descended from David, and they admitted it....
They were asked about Christ and his kingdom---its nature, origin, and time of appearance. They replied that it was not of this world or earthly but angelic and heavenly, and that it would be established at the end of the world when he would come in glory to judge the living and the dead and reward everyone according to his deeds. At this Domitian did not condemn them but, despising them as simple sorts, let them go free....


Cruse's Translation {I own a copy} has:
When asked respecting Christ and his kingdom, what was its nature, and when and where it was to appear, they replied, "that it was not a temporal nor an earthly kingdom, but celestial and angelic; that it would appear at the end of the world, when coming in glory he would judge the quick and the dead, and give to everyone according to his works."
You wrote:Rick, the translation "the end of time" would suggest amillenialism, all right. The only problem is, that such translation is an interpretation, not a translation. See the translation in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers.

What Eusebius actually wrote was "the end of the age", and thus the passage is quite consistent with historic premillenialism, the prevailing view of the church of the second century ---- "the end of the age" being the end of the church age when the fully-realized kingdom is to appear.
We've discussed why and/or how aiwn {and derivatives} are translated as "end of the world," etc. I'm not sure who did the translation from my first post: I found it @Wikipedia. The idea, in either case, is "the end of the world [and/or time]" as we now understand or know them. And I know how insistent you are on "end of the age." So not to contest that, etc., I can go with it also, ;) Btw, do you know where I get Eusebius in Greek, online?

Premillennialism and amillennialism date pretty far back: Both views were held from post-apostolic times. Some, incorrectly imo, think Origen and/or Augustine "invented" amillennialism. Augustine popularized it, no doubt. Origen based his "amillennialism" on the alleghorical method, thinking something like, "The plain meaning {of Rev 20} can't be literal so it has to be alleghorical." Augustine may have used the alleghorical method to a lesser degree, and seems to have used deductive reasoning to draw his conclusions.
You also wrote:It was not an "earthly kingdom", but a heavenly one. That's what Jesus Himself said about the Kingdom in the days in which He lived (that's why He would not command His servants to fight and defend Him). Yet, even though Christ said His Kingdom was "not of this world", nevertheless right in the days of Jesus, it was in the world in its early stage. It is not necessary that that which is not worldly must exist outside the world.

He told the Pharisees that the Kingdom was among them (He and His disciples). The Kingdom had already come in its nascent stage, but Christ's Kingdom parables speak of a growth, and a fully-formed Kingdom to come. (When all of the dough will be leavened; when the grain of mustard seed becomes a huge tree, etc.)

Of course, a full preterist would think of "the end of the age" as being the end of the "Jewish era", and Christ's coming being His coming to destroy the old Jewish system in 70 A.D.
On the Already/Not-Yet:
Premillennialists seem to focus on or emphasize the Not-Yet.
Amillennialists {and Postmillennialists}, the Realized-Already {or Being-Realized-Now}.

I realize this quote about Jesus' great-nephews could be interpreted as amill, premill, or postmill. I "see" amill in as far as the kingdom being said to already exist, "of what sort it was...it was not of this world {present tense}," "and would appear {exists though not seen by all}," etc. Many if not most premillennial dispensationalists believe the kingdom of God is completely reserved for the future {earthly} reign of Christ. They'd have problems accepting Hegesippus: I presume full-preterists reject it as protocol.

I've looked further into this "Eusebius Report" and related Early Church "reports" the last few days. The more I look, the more legitimate it seems. Of course, what Hegesippus' recorded is "legendary." Yet legendary doesn't necessarily mean fictional....
Thanks, Don, :)

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Re: Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Great-Nephews Amillennial

Post by mikew » Fri Sep 26, 2008 12:45 pm

RickC wrote:Rick quoted the following (among other stuff) Being then asked concerning Christ and His kingdom, what was its nature, and when and where it was to appear, they returned answer that it was not of this world, nor of the earth, but belonging to the sphere of heaven and angels, and would make its appearance at the end of time, when He shall come in glory, and judge living and dead, and render to every one according to the course of his life.
With consideration that these words are basically an acceptable summation of what is in the New Testament, the kingdom is merely described peripherally. The words do not exclude the kingdom from having its domain upon the inhabitants of the earth.

Although the quote initially suggests that there is no effect upon the earth (that the kingdom belongs to the sphere of heaven and angels), there also was quick mention of the judgment of all people which would affect the earth.

At the point in time that the quote originates, I tend to think that Christians still anticipated the kingdom of God to begin with the fall of Rome. So, while Rome still appeared to be in power, there were many who still awaited to see signs that the kingdom had started.

Yet, Luke 21, as the most clear prophecy, showed that the kingdom started in accord with the fall of Jerusalem (the AD70 time frame).

So these Christians were not understanding the nature and timing of the kingdom as shown in Luke 21

Luk 21:31 So likewise ye, when ye see these things come to pass, know ye that the kingdom of God is nigh at hand.

Instead, the Christians seemed to focus on the Roman Empire as being the fourth empire of Daniel 2 and 7. And while this determination is accurate, their emphasis on its destruction as a requisite or at least sign of the kingdom went too far. The kingdom of God merely had to start during the Roman Empire but the demise of the Roman Empire did not have to result in her immediate destruction.

The reconciliation of the Luke 21:31 verse and the Daniel 2 and 7 passages favours a start of the kingdom in AD70. So this proper reconciliation of passages was missing within the context of the quote given.
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Re: Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Great-Nephews Amillennial

Post by RickC » Sun Sep 28, 2008 11:07 am

mikew wrote:
RickC wrote:Rick quoted the following (among other stuff) Being then asked concerning Christ and His kingdom, what was its nature, and when and where it was to appear, they returned answer that it was not of this world, nor of the earth, but belonging to the sphere of heaven and angels, and would make its appearance at the end of time, when He shall come in glory, and judge living and dead, and render to every one according to the course of his life.
1) With consideration that these words are basically an acceptable summation of what is in the New Testament, the kingdom is merely described peripherally. The words do not exclude the kingdom from having its domain upon the inhabitants of the earth.

2) Although the quote initially suggests that there is no effect upon the earth (that the kingdom belongs to the sphere of heaven and angels), there also was quick mention of the judgment of all people which would affect the earth.

3) At the point in time that the quote originates, I tend to think that Christians still anticipated the kingdom of God to begin with the fall of Rome. So, while Rome still appeared to be in power, there were many who still awaited to see signs that the kingdom had started.
1) I'd say the kingdom was described "generally" as distinguished from "peripherally." That is, it was explained that the kingdom wasn't an earthly one and/or a govermental or political movement, etc.

2) Yes. In so many words, the great nephews of Jesus are said to have told Domitian, "You, also, will be judged by Jesus." But since they told Domitian the kingdom wasn't a military threat, Domitian let them go, considering them to be "simpletons" in Cruse's translation. Perhaps Domitian thought "...that there is no effect upon the earth (that the kingdom belongs to the sphere of heaven and angels)..." {?}.

3) I'm not familiar with the idea that the earliest Christians looked toward the overthrow of Rome as the "coming of the kingdom of God."

However, many of the Jews still anticipated the kingdom of Israel to overthrow Rome, post 70AD. Rabbi Akiba, a very influential early rabbinical era rabbi, believed and proclaimed Simon bar Kochba to be the messiah. Bar Kochba came to his end in 135AD. An overthrowing of Rome expectation is also reflected in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

The disciples also expected something like a military overthrow through Jesus: Initially, anyway. Most, if not close to all Jews had this messianic expectation, for that matter.
You also wrote:Yet, Luke 21, as the most clear prophecy, showed that the kingdom started in accord with the fall of Jerusalem (the AD70 time frame).

So these Christians were not understanding the nature and timing of the kingdom as shown in Luke 21.

Luk 21:31 So likewise ye, when ye see these things come to pass, know ye that the kingdom of God is nigh at hand.

Instead, the Christians seemed to focus on the Roman Empire as being the fourth empire of Daniel 2 and 7. And while this determination is accurate, their emphasis on its destruction as a requisite or at least sign of the kingdom went too far. The kingdom of God merely had to start during the Roman Empire but the demise of the Roman Empire did not have to result in her immediate destruction.

The reconciliation of the Luke 21:31 verse and the Daniel 2 and 7 passages favours a start of the kingdom in AD70. So this proper reconciliation of passages was missing within the context of the quote given.
I don't see Jesus in Luke 21, and parallel passages, teaching the kingdom of God began in 70AD. Nor do I find it in the NT.

I'm not sure what all you are describing {in your last quote, above}. It seems to be ideas from the historicist and/or dispensational schools of eschatology {I'm not following what all you're saying here}.

Lastly, Eusebius himself was probably what we would call a postmillennialist today. Iow, he quite possibly believed God's kingdom would "conquer the whole world" through earthly governmental structures, such as with the "Christianization of Rome," when Christianity became the state religion. Thanks, Mike, :)

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Re: Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Great-Nephews Amillennial

Post by mikew » Sun Sep 28, 2008 3:07 pm

RickC wrote:
{quote="MikeW"]
1) With consideration that these words are basically an acceptable summation of what is in the New Testament, the kingdom is merely described peripherally. The words do not exclude the kingdom from having its domain upon the inhabitants of the earth.

2) Although the quote initially suggests that there is no effect upon the earth (that the kingdom belongs to the sphere of heaven and angels), there also was quick mention of the judgment of all people which would affect the earth.

3) At the point in time that the quote originates, I tend to think that Christians still anticipated the kingdom of God to begin with the fall of Rome. So, while Rome still appeared to be in power, there were many who still awaited to see signs that the kingdom had started.
1) I'd say the kingdom was described "generally" as distinguished from "peripherally." That is, it was explained that the kingdom wasn't an earthly one and/or a govermental or political movement, etc.

2) Yes. In so many words, the great nephews of Jesus are said to have told Domitian, "You, also, will be judged by Jesus." But since they told Domitian the kingdom wasn't a military threat, Domitian let them go, considering them to be "simpletons" in Cruse's translation. Perhaps Domitian thought "...that there is no effect upon the earth (that the kingdom belongs to the sphere of heaven and angels)..." {?}.

3) I'm not familiar with the idea that the earliest Christians looked toward the overthrow of Rome as the "coming of the kingdom of God."

However, many of the Jews still anticipated the kingdom of Israel to overthrow Rome, post 70AD. Rabbi Akiba, a very influential early rabbinical era rabbi, believed and proclaimed Simon bar Kochba to be the messiah. Bar Kochba came to his end in 135AD. An overthrowing of Rome expectation is also reflected in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

The disciples also expected something like a military overthrow through Jesus: Initially, anyway. Most, if not close to all Jews had this messianic expectation, for that matter.
[/quote]

When I mentioned that the kingdom was described peripherally, I was pointing to the idea that there was nothing contradicting the scriptures that showed the kingdom as being upon the earth. There were no direct assertions so as to say that the governments weren't affected by the kingdom. The description was like arrows hitting spots near the bullseye but the center is never hit.
Most kingdom verses in the NT are quite vague. For example when Jesus says "My kingdom is not of this world" this is far from saying that the kingdom won't exercise control over the world. But when looking at Matt 6:10 we see that the kingdom does act upon the earth. When combining the two passages, the logical conclusion is that the throne is in the heavens but the domain is upon the earth.

Thanks for the mention that the writers didn't make an observation about the destiny of Rome. Did the early Christian writers pay any attention to the Book of Daniel?
RickC wrote:
You also wrote:Yet, Luke 21, as the most clear prophecy, showed that the kingdom started in accord with the fall of Jerusalem (the AD70 time frame).

So these Christians were not understanding the nature and timing of the kingdom as shown in Luke 21.

Luk 21:31 So likewise ye, when ye see these things come to pass, know ye that the kingdom of God is nigh at hand.
...snip...
I don't see Jesus in Luke 21, and parallel passages, teaching the kingdom of God began in 70AD. Nor do I find it in the NT.

I'm not sure what all you are describing {in your last quote, above}. It seems to be ideas from the historicist and/or dispensational schools of eschatology {I'm not following what all you're saying here}.

Lastly, Eusebius himself was probably what we would call a postmillennialist today. Iow, he quite possibly believed God's kingdom would "conquer the whole world" through earthly governmental structures, such as with the "Christianization of Rome," when Christianity became the state religion. Thanks, Mike, :)
There doesn't seem to be any good treatments of Luke 21:31-32. Full preterists like to say the kingdom started in AD30 and some other viewpoints like to say the kingdom starts in a future time. But no one seems to say that the kingdom started after the destruction of the temple within that same generation. Jesus' words indicated that the destruction of the temple really was the sign of the start of the kingdom.

How does Luke 21:31-32 fit in your understanding?

Oh. sorry about making that assumption that the early Christians were focused on Dan 2 and 7. That was an assumption of mine that seemed to explain why people then may not have expected that the kingdom started. But did they only tend to follow the NT writings rather than go to the OT?

Thanks for the feedback. I'm trying to explore ideas without becoming an expert on the early Christian writings.
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Re: Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Great-Nephews Amillennial

Post by RickC » Mon Sep 29, 2008 9:59 am

Hi Mike
You wrote:When I mentioned that the kingdom was described peripherally, I was pointing to the idea that there was nothing contradicting the scriptures that showed the kingdom as being upon the earth. There were no direct assertions so as to say that the governments weren't affected by the kingdom. The description was like arrows hitting spots near the bullseye but the center is never hit.
Most kingdom verses in the NT are quite vague. For example when Jesus says "My kingdom is not of this world" this is far from saying that the kingdom won't exercise control over the world. But when looking at Matt 6:10 we see that the kingdom does act upon the earth. When combining the two passages, the logical conclusion is that the throne is in the heavens but the domain is upon the earth.
To summarize things relating to Eusebius' Report; we know that at around 95AD there were Jewish-Christians, namely Jude's grandsons, who believed the Messiah reigned over His kingdom from heaven. A kingdom in heaven and on earth. More could be said about this, as some of the Jews did expect the Messiah to reign from heaven. Maybe more on this later on another thread....

Eusebius' own views, as mentioned before, were somehwat like postmillennialism today. But also, he lived during an era when the Church became the official state religion, part & parcel of the monarchy....

Judaism {Judah, in NT times} and the Roman Empire didn't have what we might call "separation between church and state." Judaism, of course, had its official religion. While Rome permitted various religions to be practiced, such as Judaism, they had to be governmentaly approved.

Rome was a monarch. But when we get to the early Church in the times of Eusebius and Constantine when Christianity became the state religion, the Church was becoming more monarchial. Without a separation of church and state, the Church {not necessarily the biblical Church, mind you} became a governmental institution.

Getting back to the "legend of Jesus' great nephews," their views, whether this legend is historical fact or not, is consistent with NT teaching on the nature of the Church and/or the Kingdom of God and of Christ. Christ's reign is similar to a theocracy. However, not in the sense that it was over Judah/Israel or any particular country. It transcends national, racial, and ethnic borders. Which is what Jesus' great nephews and the NT points to.
You also wrote:Oh. sorry about making that assumption that the early Christians were focused on Dan 2 and 7. That was an assumption of mine that seemed to explain why people then may not have expected that the kingdom started. But did they only tend to follow the NT writings rather than go to the OT?

Thanks for the mention that the writers didn't make an observation about the destiny of Rome. Did the early Christian writers pay any attention to the Book of Daniel?


Actually, early post-apostolic Christians {Early Church Fathers} had beliefs about the "end times" and the books of Daniel and Revelation, etc. Irenaeus speculated on what 666 meant and who the antichrist might be. He was a premillennial futurist and expected Christ to come after a futue antichrist ruled over 10 nations in the Roman Empire, or some reorganization of it. These ideas continue with us today.

I believe 666 was Nero. But that's yet another topic!
You also wrote:How does Luke 21:31-32 fit in your understanding?
I think this deserves a new thread. What say ye?

Actually, I've thought about an Olivet Discourse verse by verse thread but realize it might take a lot of time & work.

Gtg for now, thanks, Mike, Have a Good Day, :)

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Re: Eusebius' Report: Jesus' Grandnephews Amillennial

Post by RickC » Wed Oct 08, 2008 3:07 am

*Technicality Bump*

I just changed the thread title to what it should've been: Jesus' Grandnephews {Not Great-Nephews}.

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